Black Holes !! for a time machine ??

In my previous blog , I discussed about how we can visualize wormholes for making time machine from scientific point of view. That idea was a quite a fascinating one but is very difficult to implement. That concept was bounded by a paradox.Time in various aspects flows like a river. A river has different speeds at different places during its journey to the oceans. Just like that , Time also has different speed at different places. Sounds creepy !! but thats true,,,, not everywhere in the universe we have 24 hour's day and 365 day's year. Time is different at different parts of the universe. One of the main factors for this behavior of time is the weight of different objects in the universe. Heavier objects have the capacity to reduce the speed of time in the environment around it. Lets understand that with an example.Around earth we have a GPS system of 31 satellites. These satellites revolves around earth on their respective fixed orbits. They have a very accurate atomic clock embedded inside them. That clock has a very strange behavior. It becomes faster by 10 billionth of a second every day , and people monitoring those satellites , have to correct it everyday. If they don't correct that then that would cause drastic changes on earth. It will result in a difference of 10 killometers on earth and that will cause serious troubles on earth when we will use the GPS system. Now the reason behind that problem is the weight of the earth , and the Gravitational force. objects
pull Time. Thats the concept. Earth too tries to slow down Time by pulling it in the environment around it. That causes the clock in the satellites to become faster as we measure time with reference to earth. If we consider the pyramids , they too seem to show the same behavior. Each pyramid in Egypt has a weight around 40 million ton. According to the concept above that objects pull time , a pyramid also pulls time around its environment. If we consider that , then everything around the pyramid will seem to move a bit slower compared to distant objects , when people standing far will watch towards pyramid. When people near pyramid will watch at objects at far , they will look faster to them.But that we don't feel because that haapens at a very insignificant level.Now Thats the key point. The way to travel in time is hidden in that concept. For that we need much much heavier object than a pyramid or earth so that the effect of time being pulled by that object could become significant enough for us to experince our journey in time. And such an object we can find at the center of our galaxy , 26000 light years away from us - a Black Hole. The weight of that particular Black Hole is equal to 4 million suns.These kind of black holes have extraordinary gravitational pull and even light can't escape near them.It has the ability to reduce Time's speed. So they can become our natural Time machine. How ? Lets consider .The diameter of such a Black hole is 50 million Killometer. Now if a spacecraft reaches to such distance , then we can simulate a time machine. Suppose the spacecraft has enough speed to be stable and move in an orbit around the Black hole , seems difficult but not impossible. Now consider a situation in which the spacecraft takes 16 minute to complete one rotation around black hole.But due to strong pull of black hole Time will become slow in the vicinity of the black hole. That means for example people in the spacecraft would feel as if they are taking 8 minutes to complete one rotation when they measure time refering to their current position in space. So on earth actually 16 minutes would have been passed but in that spacecraft only 8 mintutes have passed. Now consider the situation that they have rotated around the black
hole for five years. But on earth 10 years would have been passed. That means people in the spacecraft would be 5 years younger than the people on earth. The people sitting inside the spacecraft would become one way "Time travelers". 'one way' because in that situation they can't move back 5 years. The advantages of this concept over wormholes are - It doesn't have any paradox , and it also doesn't have any feedback kind of phenomena to destroy it. The difficulty is to send a spacecraft that far and make its speed enough to be able to revolve around black hole of such an extraordinary gravitational pull. So we have to risk our lives to reach that far. What if we could create a system on our planet itself , so that we don't need to be foolhardy. Thats the point of next concept I am gonna discuss....... We have a concept of creating such a system. For that we will exploit speed of light. And that would be my topic of discussion in my next blog......... till then happy blogging.....
If you have an idea in your mind then do share.......
comments are welcome.....

Using 4rth dimension to create time machine !

Before you read this blog , I would like to tell you that please don't conclude that these are hypothetical thoughts. These are proved concepts by famous scientists. Every fact has been scientifically proven.......
Have u ever thought of riding on a time machine ? How will u take this if u have a chane to travel in future. Sounds crap ? impossible ?
If I get a chance to travel through a time machine , I would like to go back to the dinosaur's age or may be meet great personalities of
history or may be got to the extreme of the universe to see how it will end in the future.
These dreams will look real if we see them through science's point of view. What if wwe have a path which goes from past to the
future so that we can become time traveller's . Infact we have one such path around us and we also have a name for it -"wormholes".
We see our world in a 3 dimensional perspective.when we drive on a straight road its two dimensional having x & y co-ordinates.
When we attain height its 3 dimension having x,y & z co-ordinates. Thats it .we don't see any other dimension. But there is a 4rth
dimension - "Time". we generally see objects through naked eye and think they are smooth and plain. But if we go deep , we find that
that there are small holes , small furrows. Time also has these small holes. Beyond atoms and electrons at quantum level , there are
holes which are called wormholes which have holes on both end like a hollow cylinder. They are 10th billion of centimeter in length.
They join in time what we called 'moments'- passege of a very small amount of time or even smaller than that.These wormholes create
quantum foam.Wormholes are actually paths to travel from one point of time to another i.e like time machines. Now if we design a
technique to make them big enough for humans to travel them we can become time travellers. And if we make them even more bigger
so that a spacecraft could travel through them , then we will keep one end of wormhole towards earth and other end towards a distant
planet then we travel in time and can reach there. If we keep both ends near then we can travel back in past.
But , there is problem. The problem is what we called a Paradox. some call it ' Grandfather's paradox ' and other ' psycho scientist's
paradox' .This paradox will riun our dream of travelling in time. According to it a wormhole can't exist. Reason - feedback. lets take an
example to understand this.You would have heard a rock band performing on stage. Sound enters through mic , goes through wire to
amplifiers which makes them even more louder and finally comes out of speakers. Now , if the sound waves starts entering through
speakers back to mic then a loop will be created there.and if this phenomena goes on it will increase the intensity further and will lead
to destruction of sound system. Exactly same will happen to wormholes. The difference would be, in place of sound there will be
radiation. The radiation around worm holes will start entering it creating a feedback which will eventually destroy it.. consider a
situation , a psycho scientist creates ssuch a worm hole, which can go back one minute in time. Now suppose he loading a gun , in
between he thinks of looking through wormhole , how things were goin on 1 minute earlier. He goes back and sees through one end
with a loaded gun in his hand.. Now the psycho scientist fires at what he is seeing that means to his existence one minute earlier in
time. now what will happen with him ? will he die.... the point is the paradox will stop such thing to happen because that will violet laws
of nature or science.So this will never happen. the wormhole will get destroyed before he fires. So we will not be able to create a
stable wormhole.So, this concept sems very difficult for creating a time machine.... so, we have to look at other concepts.
The next concept uses a black hole and there will be no paradox and feedback , so that will be quite realistic idea than wormholes......

I will discuss that in my next blog.........
comments are welcome......

Germany's loss and world football loosing its charm

when we try to mix up wishful thinking with belief , all dreams shatter away. Germany clearly loosing the belief after 75th minute that they can win fifa world cup 2010 , leading to slack in effort. The match was so tight that it was a matter of one goal to decide who is going to the final. Both teams refusing to loose , espain tried a bit harder and got the result in their favour. Even the 6 feet 4 midfielders of germany couldn't manage to stop the attack of comparatively shorter spanish strikers. If you analyze the penalty corner that fetched the stunner to espain , spanish guys jumped a bit earlier and their proactive approach made the giant german midfielder's just watching the match going out of their hand. the klose magic was missing , may be espain has stronger defence for klose the penetrate , but clearly when the oppurtunity was to show creativity, miroslav klose was just being overdependent on podolski,ozil and company. on the other hand his counterpart, david villa showed great resilienceWorld football has lost the kind of talent it used to have.No doubt Klose is a great striker but he lacked the creativity of ronaldo and zidane. Those guys were master of their trade. Not all the time they depended on easy passes , infact they showed their goal creating abilities as and when it was required.The kind of charisma guys like ronaldinho, rivaldo , lewis figo , ronaldo , beckham, thiery henery , zidane , micheal ballack, oliver kahn and vierra had , is missing in this world cup.Those guys were idols in their facets.But we can hope for the magic to return, we can hope that by 2014 , young talents of today will become big names.

Role of Stock Exchanges in Economic growth of a country.

To understand the role of stock exchanges in economic growth, first we have to understand the need of stock exchanges. Any attempt at raising the standard of living of the people must address itself to the task of producing right type of goods at the right time. This calls for raising vast amounts of financial resources and capital. The corporate form of organization can raise this capital. They do it by issuing various types of securities, i.e. shares and bonds and investors can put their money in these securities. But no one will buy these securities unless there is an organized and secured market. Such a market is called stock market or stock exchange. So, stock exchange is an essential financial infrastructure for any democratic economy.

Stock exchanges in India have a vital role to play in the development of the country. First of all it helps government to raise internal resources for the implementation of various development programs in public sector. Stock exchange as a part of capital market performs an important function in mobilizing and channelizing resources which remain otherwise scattered.

Finance from external sources mainly from investing public can become possible only when an institution like stock exchange provides opportunities for the conversion of scattered savings in to profitable investments with promise of minimum risk and reasonable yield. So, it’s very difficult for a country to mobilize resources without stock exchanges. Stock exchanges provide a market for producers to raise capital which directly or indirectly generates employment to millions of people.

So when we look at stock exchanges in a democratic economy they have multiple roles to play. These may be-

· Raising capital for business

Stock Exchange is a medium for companies to raise capital for expansion. For this they sell shares to investing public in an organized market like stock exchange

· Next it mobilizes savings for investment. Now for the development of an economy, mobilization of capital is very important. When people invest their money in securities, they provide capital for business to grow, which otherwise would have been kept in idle deposits in banks. Now, when business grows, it benefits several economic sectors like agriculture, commerce and industry, resulting in stronger economic growth.

· Next one is to facilitate company growth.

Companies always look for acquisition and takeover to expand their business. A takeover bid through stock exchange is one of the simplest and common ways for a company to grow. Now this helps in economic growth of a country.

· One important thing that stock exchanges provide is what we call, corporate governance.

Companies generally improve on their management standards in order to satisfy shareholder’s demand. Consequently it is alleged that public companies tend to show better management records than privately held companies. There has been considerable slippage in corporate governance on the part of some public companies. Lehman brothers and satyam computers are the recent examples. But having a stock exchange provides governance in this area by penalizing bad management. So, this helps in preventing a sudden market crash.

· Next, stock exchanges provide capital for government for development

Projects.

Government a t various levels for their development projects can borrow money by selling bonds. These bonds can be raised through stock exchanges. When people buy them, they loan money to the government.

· One more important thing that stock exchanges do is being an indicator of the general trends in the economy. At stock exchange, share prices rise and fall depending upon market forces. An economic recession or financial crisis could eventually lead to a stock market crash. Therefore, stock exchange can provide a better view of the future market trends. So that preemptive action can be taken for crisis.

global financial crisis--a 'cyclic process'

                                 

Virtually every financial crisis in the past 100 years has been followed by hearings,civil and criminal litigation,and ultimately new laws and regulations.The current crisis overshadows previous crises in four key ways:

1.complexity,

2.inflexibility,

3.speed,and

4.scale.

Complexity appears in exotic securities,the complex financial institutions,and the innumerable linkages among the firms and markets-making it difficult for decision makers to know what is going on.

Inflexibilty is reflected in the historically low reserves and high borrowing of firms and individuals in early 2007.

Speed appears in our ability to get news and transfer funds at the speed of light-this means that trouble can travel rapidly.

Scale is evident in the massive losses on subprime loans and others debt.

Leaders should address these four novelties as they design the new global financial system.

The antidotes to Complexity is Transparency.Complexity can hide the reality about financial conditions.This leads to greater uncertainty in the minds of investors and can cause irrational behaviour among players.Runs on solvent banks arise where depositors can not tell the difference between those banks which can meet their financial obligations and which can not.the first remedy to future crises is greater transparency in the form of stronger reporting requirements to the public.

The antidote to inflexibilty is insurance.Firms and individuals who want to borrow should be required to purchase "shock absorbers" with which to withstand a loss of income,natural disater or default.the most basic kind is a "rainy day account",a reserve fund of cash that a firm or individual could use in case of adversity.

The antidote to speed is a coordinated braking mechanism.Trading in markets can be suspended,as can cross-border capital flows.The theory is that suspension can provide a "cooling off" period in which news and information can disperse,allowing panicked players to assess the situation more fully.The brakes need to be applied infrequently and carefully.If players in the market can correctly anticipate a reaction by governments,the players will begin to game the system.The word coordinated,deserves special consideration by the leaders:it makes no sense by the new york market to suspend trading when many of the same securitiescan be traded in London and Tokyo-in this era of global financial markets,players can simply end-run the interventions of any one country by moving their trading to another venue.We will likely see greater coordinationamong countries in the future.

The antidotes to the massive scale of losses will be the creation of larger reserve institutions.The international monetary fund was created at Bretton Woods in 1944 to be the lender of last resort to countries experiencing financial crises.But the capital base of the IMF today is only $265 billion.this is insufficient to make a dent in the scope of America's financial crisis.Global leaders will have to create a more muscular multilateral institution.These antidotes,however are not panacea;they can only influence the occurance and severity  of future crises;they can not prevent them.

Finally though the sense of urgency is laudable,to start tinkering in the depths of a crisis seems hasty.As the saying goes,the road to hell is paved with good intentions.

 

india roaring on field

new history is being written as indian cricket tem march on their winning note.
the english team seems to have not a single match winner,,zero bench strength,,and their captain just has a big mouth for making castles in air,,after loosing first match ,he was saying"still 6 matches to go and after second"still 5 matches to go".now guess his next comment"--still 4 matches to go"..such a looser..infact they dont have the charisma to beat india...come on ,india has beaten oz,their confidence is on seventh sky...there is no way enland gonna match that..god bless them..